现代大语言模型发展史 · 多技术线泳道图

2017-06 → 2026-08 · 133 个关键节点 · 9 条技术线 · 左=时间纵轴 / 顶=技术线横轴

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20171 篇
20183 篇
2019 H12 篇
2019 H24 篇
2020 H15 篇
2020 H21 篇
2021 H14 篇
2021 H22 篇
2022 H18 篇
2022 H27 篇
2023 H117 篇
2023 H212 篇
2024 H113 篇
2024 H210 篇
2025 H114 篇
2025 H211 篇
2026 H115 篇
2026 H24 篇
2017-06P3×3
Attention
Google Brain/Research
Attention Is All You Need
Google Brain/Research
贡献:纯自注意力Transformer架构,完全弃用RNN/CNN
2017-06·Attention
2018-02P2
Deep Contextualized…
AI2
Deep Contextualized Word Representations
AI2
贡献:双向LSTM深度上下文词表示,动态嵌入替代静态向量
2018-02·Deep Contextualized…
2018-06P2
GPT-1
OpenAI
Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training
OpenAI
贡献:确立生成式预训练+判别式微调两阶段范式
2018-06·GPT-1
2018-10P3
BERT
Google
BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Google
贡献:双向编码器+MLM预训练,理解类任务全面刷新
2018-10·BERT
2019-04P2
Sparse Attn
OpenAI
Generating Long Sequences with Sparse Transformers
OpenAI
贡献:strided/fixed稀疏注意力,复杂度O(L√L)
2019-04·Sparse Attn
2019-02P2
GPT-2
OpenAI
Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners
OpenAI
贡献:论证语言模型天然是多任务学习者,zero-shot可用
2019-02·GPT-2
2019-10P2
T5
Google
Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer
Google
贡献:text-to-text统一框架+系统消融预训练配方+C4语料
2019-10·T5
2019-11P2×2
MQA
Google
Fast Transformer Decoding: One Write-Head is All You Need
Google
贡献:多query头共享单组KV,压缩KV cache
2019-11·MQA
2019-09P2
Megatron
NVIDIA
Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism
NVIDIA
贡献:模型并行+张量切分,可训练多亿级参数LLM
2019-09·Megatron
2019-10P2
DeepSpeed
Microsoft
ZeRO: Memory Optimizations Toward Training Trillion Parameter Models
Microsoft
贡献:ZeRO优化器分片,显存开销随GPU数线性下降,支撑万亿参
2019-10·DeepSpeed
2020-05P3
RAG
Meta AI
Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Tasks
Meta AI
贡献:参数记忆+非参数检索的seq2seq生成,命名RAG范式
2020-05·RAG
2020-06P1
GShard
Google
GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Sharding
Google
贡献:MoE稀疏+自动分片,600B+多语翻译T5
2020-06·GShard
2020-01P3
Scaling Laws
OpenAI
Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models
OpenAI
贡献:幂律刻画损失随参数/数据/算力可预测下降
2020-01·Scaling Laws
2020-02P2
REALM
Google
REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Training
Google
贡献:将MIPS检索嵌入预训练目标端到端训练
2020-02·REALM
2020-05P3×2
GPT-3
OpenAI
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
OpenAI
贡献:175B下few-shot/in-context learning系统实证
2020-05·GPT-3
2020-10P3
ViT
Google Brain
An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale
Google Brain
贡献:纯Transformer做图像分类,patch序列化
2020-10·ViT
2021-01P3×2
Switch
Google
Switch Transformers: Scaling to Trillion Parameter Models with Simple and Efficient Sparsity
Google
贡献:top-1路由极简MoE,首次训到万亿参数
2021-01·Switch
2021-04P3
RoPE
追一科技
RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embedding
追一科技
贡献:旋转位置编码:绝对位置实现相对内积
2021-04·RoPE
2021-02P3×2
CLIP
OpenAI
Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision
OpenAI
贡献:4亿图文对比学习,零样本分类
2021-02·CLIP
2021-06P3
LoRA
Microsoft
LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
Microsoft
贡献:冻结权重训低秩增量矩阵,可训练参数骤降
2021-06·LoRA
2021-09P3
FLAN
Google
Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learners
Google
贡献:提出指令微调:多任务指令化微调激发零样本泛化
2021-09·FLAN
2021-08P2
ALiBi
MosaicML
Train Short, Test Long: Attention with Linear Biases Enables Input Length Extrapolation
MosaicML
贡献:线性位置偏置(ALiBi)让模型外推远超训练长度
2021-08·ALiBi
2022-01P2
Grokking
OpenAI
Grokking: Generalization Beyond Overfitting on Small Algorithmic Datasets
OpenAI
贡献:发现长时训练后从记忆到泛化的延迟突变现象
2022-01·Grokking
2022-03P3
Chinchilla
DeepMind
Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models
DeepMind
贡献:证明Kaplan低估数据:算力最优应参数数据约等比扩
2022-03·Chinchilla
2022-04P2×2
PaLM
Google
PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways
Google
贡献:540B dense稳定训练实证+跨任务涌现能力评估体系
2022-04·PaLM
2022-03P3
InstructGPT
OpenAI
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback
OpenAI
贡献:SFT+奖励模型+PPO三段RLHF,1.3B胜175B
2022-03·InstructGPT
2022-01P3
CoT
Google
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models
Google
贡献:中间推理步骤示例大幅提升复杂推理
2022-01·CoT
2022-03P2
Self-Con
Google
Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models
Google
贡献:多条CoT采样+多数投票,并行测试时扩展开山之作
2022-03·Self-Con
2022-05P3×2
FlashAttn
Stanford/UC Berkeley等
FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awareness
Stanford/UC Berkeley等
贡献:IO感知分块tiling+online softmax精确加速
2022-05·FlashAttn
2022-04P2
Flamingo
DeepMind
Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning
DeepMind
贡献:Perceiver Resampler桥接冻结LLM,少样本多模态
2022-04·Flamingo
2022-12P3
CAI
Anthropic
Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback
Anthropic
贡献:用原则驱动AI自我批评修订,RLAIF替代人工标注
2022-12·CAI
2022-12P3
Self-Instr
UW/Microsoft
Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructions
UW/Microsoft
贡献:LLM自举生成指令数据,175种子扩至52K
2022-12·Self-Instr
2022-12P2
CoT蒸馏
Google
Teaching Small Language Models to Reason
Google
贡献:最早系统化CoT蒸馏:教师CoT微调小学生模型
2022-12·CoT蒸馏
2022-10P3
ReAct
Google Brain+Princeton
ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models
Google Brain+Princeton
贡献:推理轨迹与动作交替生成的Agent范式
2022-10·ReAct
2022-10P2
GPTQ
IST Austria+HF
GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformers
IST Austria+HF
贡献:基于OBQ的逐层权重量化,4bit近无损
2022-10·GPTQ
2022-11P2
SpecDecode
Google Research
Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding
Google Research
贡献:小模型草稿+大模型并行验证的无损加速解码
2022-11·SpecDecode
2022-10P2×2
GLM-130B
清华KEG×智谱AI
GLM-130B: An Open Bilingual Pre-trained Model
清华KEG×智谱AI
贡献:千亿级开源中英双语稠密模型,自回归填空架构
2022-10·GLM-130B
2023-04P2
涌现?
Stanford
Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?
Stanford
贡献:论证涌现多为非线性不连续指标造成的测量伪象
2023-04·涌现?
2023-03P2
Alpaca
Stanford
Stanford Alpaca: An Instruction-following LLaMA Model
Stanford
贡献:52K Self-Instruct数据+LLaMA低成本复刻指令能力
2023-03·Alpaca
2023-05P3
DPO
Stanford
Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model
Stanford
贡献:奖励重参数化进目标,偏好优化变监督分类损失
2023-05·DPO
2023-05P2
LIMA
Meta
LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment
Meta
贡献:仅1000条精选样本SFT即获强对齐
2023-05·LIMA
2023-03P2
Self-Refine
CMU+AI2
Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback
CMU+AI2
贡献:同一模型生成-自评-修改循环,无需外部奖励
2023-03·Self-Refine
2023-05P2
ToT
Princeton+DeepMind
Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models
Princeton+DeepMind
贡献:将推理组织为树搜索,支持分支回溯与多步前瞻
2023-05·ToT
2023-05P2×2
GQA
Google Research
GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpoints
Google Research
贡献:分组共享KV,MQA效率与MHA质量折中
2023-05·GQA
2023-06P2
PosInterp
Meta
Extending Context Window of Large Language Models via Positional Interpolation
Meta
贡献:训练时线性内插位置索引,低成本扩窗至32k
2023-06·PosInterp
2023-06P2
AWQ
MIT韩松组
AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Acceleration
MIT韩松组
贡献:按激活分布识别保护约1%关键权重通道
2023-06·AWQ
2023-06P2
H2O
斯坦福
H2O: Heavy-Hitter Oracle for Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language Models
斯坦福
贡献:重锤词元理论+KV动态驱逐,保留5%缓存近无损
2023-06·H2O
2023-01P2
BLIP-2
Salesforce
BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models
Salesforce
贡献:Q-Former轻量桥接视觉与冻结LLM
2023-01·BLIP-2
2023-03P3×2
GPT-4
OpenAI
GPT-4 Technical Report
OpenAI
贡献:首个商用强多模态(图像输入)LLM技术报告
2023-03·GPT-4
2023-04P2
LLaVA
UW/Microsoft/Wisconsin
Visual Instruction Tuning
UW/Microsoft/Wisconsin
贡献:语言模型指令微调对齐视觉,通用多模态助手
2023-04·LLaVA
2023-02P2
Toolformer
Meta AI
Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools
Meta AI
贡献:自监督生成API调用数据教会LLM用工具
2023-02·Toolformer
2023-03P2
Reflexion
Northeastern+MIT
Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning
Northeastern+MIT
贡献:失败后生成语言化反思存入记忆,下轮重试
2023-03·Reflexion
2023-05P2
Voyager
NVIDIA+Caltech等
Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models
NVIDIA+Caltech等
贡献:技能库+自动课程+迭代提示的终身学习Agent
2023-05·Voyager
2023-02P3×2
LLaMA
Meta
LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models
Meta
贡献:7-65B开源权重,公开数据训练逼近GPT-3
2023-02·LLaMA
2023-12P3
Mamba
CMU/Princeton
Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces
CMU/Princeton
贡献:选择性SSM:数据依赖参数+硬件感知扫描
2023-12·Mamba
2023-12P2
GatedLin
UIUC等
Gated Linear Attention Transformers with Hardware-Efficient Training
UIUC等
贡献:门控数据依赖遗忘的线性注意力并行化
2023-12·GatedLin
2023-07P1
NTK-RoPE
r/LocalLLaMA社区
NTK-aware Scaled RoPE(社区方案)
r/LocalLLaMA社区
贡献:按NTK理论非线性缩放RoPE高频维度免微调扩窗
2023-07·NTK-RoPE
2023-07P2×2
FlashAttn-2
Princeton/Together AI
FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning
Princeton/Together AI
贡献:沿序列维并行+warp级分工重排
2023-07·FlashAttn-2
2023-09P2×2
LongLoRA
上海交大等
LongLoRA: Efficient Fine-tuning of Long-Context Large Language Models
上海交大等
贡献:Shifted Sparse Attention+放宽LoRA,低成本训100k窗口
2023-09·LongLoRA
2023-09P2
StreamingLLM
MIT
Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinks
MIT
贡献:attention sink机制让LLM稳定流式4M+超长对话
2023-09·StreamingLLM
2023-09P2
YaRN
Nous Research等
YaRN: Efficient Context Window Extension of Large Language Models
Nous Research等
贡献:NTK式插值+注意力温度修正,400 token微调扩至128k
2023-09·YaRN
2023-12P1×2
InternVL
上海AI实验室等
InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks
上海AI实验室等
贡献:6B视觉编码器对齐LLM的V1系列开端
2023-12·InternVL
2023-12P2×3
Gemini
Google DeepMind
Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Google DeepMind
贡献:原生多模态预训练,超长上下文
2023-12·Gemini
2023-09P3×2
vLLM
UC Berkeley
Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention
UC Berkeley
贡献:KV缓存分页管理+连续批处理服务引擎vLLM
2023-09·vLLM
2023-07P3×2
Llama-2
Meta
Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models
Meta
贡献:开源7B-70B基础+RLHF聊天模型,开放商用
2023-07·Llama-2
2023-09P2×2
Qwen
阿里云通义千问
Qwen Technical Report
阿里云通义千问
贡献:初代中英双语1.8B-72B全尺寸开源基座
2023-09·Qwen
2024-01P2×2
DS-MoE
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeekMoE: Towards Ultimate Expert Specialization in Mixture-of-Experts Language Models
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:细粒度专家切分+共享专家隔离双机制
2024-01·DS-MoE
2024-03P2
Jamba
AI21 Labs
Jamba: A Hybrid Transformer-Mamba Language Model
AI21 Labs
贡献:Mamba-Attention-MoE层间混合生产级架构
2024-03·Jamba
2024-05P2
Mamba-2
Princeton/CMU
Transformers are SSMs: Generalized Models and Efficient Algorithms Through Structured State Space Duality
Princeton/CMU
贡献:SSD框架统一SSM与线性注意力对偶视角
2024-05·Mamba-2
2024-05P3×2
DS-V2 MLA
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Model
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:多头潜在注意力MLA:KV压入低秩潜向量
2024-05·DS-V2 MLA
2024-01P2
DS-LLM
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek LLM: Scaling Open-Source Language Models with Longtermism
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:67B稠密开源,重估缩放定律提出数据参数新配比
2024-01·DS-LLM
2024-06P2
FineWeb
HuggingFace
The FineWeb Datasets: Decanting the Web for the Finest Text Data at Scale
HuggingFace
贡献:15T开放语料+全程消融清洗流水线,FineWeb-Edu质量分级
2024-06·FineWeb
2024-02P1
KTO
ContextualAI/MIT
KTO: Model Alignment as Prospect Theoretic Optimization
ContextualAI/MIT
贡献:基于前景理论,仅需二元好坏信号免配对偏好
2024-02·KTO
2024-02P3
GRPO
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:GRPO:去Critic组内相对优势估计,省显存且稳定的RL算法
2024-02·GRPO
2024-02P2
LongRoPE
微软亚洲
LongRoPE: Extending LLM Context Window Beyond 2 Million Tokens
微软亚洲
贡献:非均匀维度插值+进化搜索,三阶段扩至2048k
2024-02·LongRoPE
2024-01P2
EAGLE
中科大+微软
EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature Uncertainty
中科大+微软
贡献:在特征层自回归的轻量草稿头,利用目标模型特征
2024-01·EAGLE
2024-01P2
Mixtral
Mistral AI
Mixtral of Experts
Mistral AI
贡献:开源8专家top-2稀疏MoE大模型
2024-01·Mixtral
2024-06P2×2
DS-Coder-V2
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-Coder-V2: Breaking the Barrier of Closed-Source Models in Code Intelligence
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:236B MoE代码模型(21B激活),338语言128K上下文
2024-06·DS-Coder-V2
2024-06P1×2
ChatGLM
智谱AI×清华
ChatGLM: A Family of Large Language Models from GLM-130B to GLM-4 All Tools
智谱AI×清华
贡献:GLM对话系三代演进与全工具能力总结
2024-06·ChatGLM
2024-12P3×3
DS-V3
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:无辅助损失负载均衡+MTP+FP8训练的671B细粒度MoE
2024-12·DS-V3
2024-11P2
Scaling Laws…
Harvard/MIT/Stanford/Databricks
Scaling Laws for Precision
Harvard/MIT/Stanford/Databricks
贡献:精度感知scaling law:低精度训练折损有效参数量
2024-11·Scaling Laws…
2024-07P3×2
Llama-3
Meta
The Llama 3 Herd of Models
Meta
贡献:系统化后训练:SFT+拒绝采样+DPO多轮迭代
2024-07·Llama-3
2024-11P2×2
Tülu 3
AI2
Tülu 3: Pushing Frontiers in Open Language Model Post-Training
AI2
贡献:全开放SFT+DPO+RLVR三阶段配方与数据,首创RLVR术语
2024-11·Tülu 3
2024-08P3
TTC Scaling
OpenAI/UMD
Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters
OpenAI/UMD
贡献:测试时计算可更高效,小模型+test-time超14x大模型
2024-08·TTC Scaling
2024-09P3
o1
OpenAI
Learning to Reason with LLMs (OpenAI o1)
OpenAI
贡献:官方宣告大规模RL驱动长思维链范式,o1首秀
2024-09·o1
2024-07P2×2
FlashAttn-3
Together AI/Princeton等
FlashAttention-3: Fast and Accurate Attention with Asynchrony and Low-precision
Together AI/Princeton等
贡献:Hopper异步流水(warp专用/tma)+FP8量化
2024-07·FlashAttn-3
2024-12P1
DS-VL2
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understanding
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:MoE稀疏VLM家族,动态分辨率切片视觉编码
2024-12·DS-VL2
2024-07P2×2
Qwen2
阿里云通义千问
Qwen2 Technical Report
阿里云通义千问
贡献:0.5B-72B全谱系升级,57B-A14B MoE首秀
2024-07·Qwen2
2024-12P2×2
Qwen2.5
阿里云通义千问
Qwen2.5 Technical Report
阿里云通义千问
贡献:18T token预训练,Math/Coder专项衍生最丰富
2024-12·Qwen2.5
2025-01P2×2
MiniMax-01
MiniMax
MiniMax-01: Scaling Foundation Models with Lightning Attention
MiniMax
贡献:456B-A45.9B闪电注意力混合MoE,原生1M上下文
2025-01·MiniMax-01
2025-02P2
NSA
DeepSeek-AI+北大/UW
Native Sparse Attention: Hardware-Aligned and Natively Trainable Sparse Attention
DeepSeek-AI+北大/UW
贡献:压缩+选择+滑窗三分支原生可训练稀疏注意力
2025-02·NSA
2025-02P2
MoBA
Moonshot AI+清华
MoBA: Mixture of Block Attention for Long-Context LLMs
Moonshot AI+清华
贡献:块级top-k门控路由,把MoE思想引入注意力
2025-02·MoBA
2025-04P2×3
Llama-4
Meta
The Llama 4 Herd (Scout/Maverick)
Meta
贡献:iRoPE交错位置编码原生10M上下文,MoE原生多模态
2025-04·Llama-4
2025-01P2
s1
Stanford+UW+AI2
s1: Simple test-time scaling
Stanford+UW+AI2
贡献:1000样本SFT+budget forcing,最小代价复现o1测试时扩展曲线
2025-01·s1
2025-01P2
Kimi k1.5
Moonshot AI
Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs
Moonshot AI
贡献:长短链联合RL与long2short,非MoE达o1级
2025-01·Kimi k1.5
2025-01P3
DS-R1
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:纯RL涌现长CoT反思验证,GRPO+规则可验证奖励
2025-01·DS-R1
2025-03P1×2
QwQ-32B
阿里Qwen团队
QwQ-32B: Embracing the Power of Reinforcement Learning
阿里Qwen团队
贡献:官方博客:32B两阶段RL(规则验证器+通用RM)逼近R1并集成工具调用
2025-03·QwQ-32B
2025-03P1
LongCoT Survey
哈工大/中南/HKU/复旦
Towards Reasoning Era: A Survey of Long Chain-of-Thought
哈工大/中南/HKU/复旦
贡献:Long CoT首个系统综述:分类法+overthinking/test-time scaling梳理
2025-03·LongCoT Survey
2025-06P2×3
MiniMax-M1
MiniMax
MiniMax-M1: Scaling Test-Time Compute Efficiently with Lightning Attention
MiniMax
贡献:首个开源混合注意力推理模型,CISPO算法80K思考预算
2025-06·MiniMax-M1
2025-06P2×2
Gemini 2.5
Google DeepMind
Gemini 2.5 Technical Report
Google DeepMind
贡献:思考预算+原生多模态+1M上下文全档家族
2025-06·Gemini 2.5
2025-02P1×2
QW2.5-VL
阿里Qwen团队
Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report
阿里Qwen团队
贡献:原生动态分辨率+文档解析+GUI Agent能力
2025-02·QW2.5-VL
2025-01P2
UI-TARS
字节跳动Seed
UI-TARS: Pioneering Automated GUI Interaction with Native Agents
字节跳动Seed
贡献:纯视觉GUI Agent,截图进动作出免系统层API
2025-01·UI-TARS
2025-05P2×3
Qwen3
阿里通义
Qwen3 Technical Report
阿里通义
贡献:128K上下文,MoE+稠密多尺寸,思考模式
2025-05·Qwen3
2025-07P3×2
Kimi K2
Moonshot AI
Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence
Moonshot AI
贡献:1.04T总参32B激活MoE,MuonClip优化器+agentic数据合成
2025-07·Kimi K2
2025-10P2
Kimi Linear
Moonshot AI
Kimi Linear: An Expressive, Efficient Attention Architecture
Moonshot AI
贡献:KDA(Kimi Delta Attention)线性混合架构
2025-10·Kimi Linear
2025-12P2×3
DS-V3.2
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Models (DSA)
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:DSA:lightning索引器+细粒度top-k token选择
2025-12·DS-V3.2
2025-11P2×2
Opus 4.5
Anthropic
System Card: Claude Opus 4.5
Anthropic
贡献:SWE-bench首破80%,ARC-AGI-2 37.6%
2025-11·Opus 4.5
2025-11P2
Kimi K2 Thinking
Moonshot AI
Kimi K2 Thinking(技术博客/模型发布)
Moonshot AI
贡献:思考-行动交错推理,连续两百余步工具调用,原生INT4
2025-11·Kimi K2 Thinking
2025-10P3
DS-OCR
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-OCR: Contexts Optical Compression
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:视觉压缩原语:长文本转图像实现上下文光学压缩
2025-10·DS-OCR
2025-09P2×2
Hunyuan 3.0
腾讯混元
HunyuanImage 3.0: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation
腾讯混元
贡献:原生多模态自回归统一理解+生成,MoE图像生成+原生CoT
2025-09·Hunyuan 3.0
2025-08P3×2
GLM-4.5
Z.ai/智谱
GLM-4.5: Agentic, Reasoning, and Coding (ARC) Foundation Models
Z.ai/智谱
贡献:专家迭代+slime异步解耦RL基建的agentic后训练
2025-08·GLM-4.5
2025-09P1
WebExplorer
MiniMax
WebExplorer: Explore Progressive Web Information Acquisition
MiniMax
贡献:长程信息搜索Agent数据管线与框架
2025-09·WebExplorer
2025-08P2×2
GPT-5
OpenAI
GPT-5 System Card
OpenAI
贡献:快慢模型+实时路由统一系统,safe-completions安全训练
2025-08·GPT-5
2025-08P2×2
Seed-OSS
字节跳动Seed
Seed-OSS-36B Open Source Models
字节跳动Seed
贡献:12T token 36B开源,512K原生长上下文
2025-08·Seed-OSS
2026-02P3×3
GLM-5
Z.ai/智谱
GLM-5: from Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineering
Z.ai/智谱
贡献:744B-A40B MoE,引入DSA稀疏注意力+异步Agent RL
2026-02·GLM-5
2026-02P2×3
Qwen3.5
阿里通义
Qwen3.5: Towards Native Multimodal Agents
阿里通义
贡献:Gated DeltaNet线性注意力+稀疏MoE 397B-A17B原生多模态智能体旗舰
2026-02·Qwen3.5
2026-04P1
mHC
DeepSeek-AI
Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections (mHC)
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:流形约束的超连接升级残差结构,随V4报告发表
2026-04·mHC
2026-04P3×3
DS-V4
DeepSeek-AI
DeepSeek-V4 Technical Report (Pro/Flash)
DeepSeek-AI
贡献:CSA+HCA混合注意力+mHC超连接+Muon优化器+FP4量化感知训练,1M上下文
2026-04·DS-V4
2026-06P2×3
GLM-5.2
智谱Z.ai
GLM-5.2: Built for Long-Horizon Tasks
智谱Z.ai
贡献:IndexShare/KVShare改进DSA,Solid 1M无损上下文,critic-based PPO
2026-06·GLM-5.2
2026-06P2
Seed2.0
字节跳动Seed
Seed 2.0 Model Card
字节跳动Seed
贡献:长尾知识+复杂指令遵循系统性增强
2026-06·Seed2.0
2026-03P1
IndexShare
智谱
IndexShare: Sharing the Indexer of Sparse Attention
智谱
贡献:DSA索引器每4层共享一次
2026-03·IndexShare
2026-04P2×2
Qwen3.5-Omni
阿里通义
Qwen3.5-Omni Technical Report
阿里通义
贡献:Thinker/Talker双MoE+ARIA文语流对齐,全模态实时交互
2026-04·Qwen3.5-Omni
2026-04P3×2
VisPrimitives
DeepSeek-AI+北大+清华
Thinking with Visual Primitives
DeepSeek-AI+北大+清华
贡献:点框空间标记作为最小思维单位嵌入CoT,弥合Reference Gap;CSA视觉KV压缩7056倍
2026-04·VisPrimitives
2026-02P2×2
Forge
MiniMax
Forge: Scalable Agent RL Framework and CISPO
MiniMax
贡献:白盒黑盒Agent统一RL环+CISPO复合奖励
2026-02·Forge
2026-02P2×2
Kimi K2.5
Moonshot AI
Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligence
Moonshot AI
贡献:文视联合训练+Agent Swarm并行编排(PARL)
2026-02·Kimi K2.5
2026-03P2
Seed1.8
字节跳动Seed
Seed1.8 Model Card
字节跳动Seed
贡献:搜索/GUI/视频工具统一单体Agent
2026-03·Seed1.8
2026-04P1
GLM-5.1
智谱Z.ai
GLM-5.1(迭代版,无独立技术报告)
智谱Z.ai
贡献:SWE-Bench Pro 58.4全球最佳,长程8小时闭环
2026-04·GLM-5.1
2026-04P1
Qwen3.6
阿里通义
Qwen3.6 (35B-A3B)
阿里通义
贡献:小激活开源Agentic Coding钢炮
2026-04·Qwen3.6
2026-05P2×2
MiniMax-M2
MiniMax
The MiniMax-M2 Series Technical Report
MiniMax
贡献:230B总参/A10B激活极致轻旗舰系列+Forge大规模Agent RL
2026-05·MiniMax-M2
2026-08P2×3
GLM-5.3-Flash
智谱Z.ai
GLM-5.3-Flash(ox-alpha/牛来,原生多模态低延迟版)
智谱Z.ai
贡献:320B/18B激活、45层原生多模态(text+image+video),首个稀疏注意力+线性注意力混合开源前沿模型(linear局部递归+DSA/IndexShare全局索引+mHC流形超连接+IndexPool索引缓存压缩),1M上下文,INT4/fp8,MIT
2026-08·GLM-5.3-Flash
2026-08P2×2
GLM-5.3
智谱Z.ai
GLM-5.3:Frontier Foundation Model(文本旗舰)
智谱Z.ai
贡献:基座同GLM-5.2、能力全来自后训练:SAO结合上下文压缩的RL+端到端环境合成流水线,强制思考档位
2026-08·GLM-5.3
2026-07P3×2
Kimi K3
Moonshot AI
Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence
Moonshot AI
贡献:2.8T总参/104B激活首个开源3T级,KDA+AttnRes+MoonClip二阶优化器
2026-07·Kimi K3
2026-08P2×2
Qwen3.8-Max
阿里通义
Qwen3.8-Max: A New Bar for Coding and Cowork
阿里通义
贡献:编程与协同办公新旗舰;宣布开源 Max 本尊(2.4T总参/A95B激活)
2026-08·Qwen3.8-Max
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